Synergistic Signal Amplification Based on Ionic Liquid-BaTiO3 Nanoparticle Carbon Paste Electrode for Sensitive Voltammetric Determination of Acetaminophen

Monitoring the acetaminophen in biological samples and also in pharmaceutical formulations is important due to the concerns of public health care and drug safety. In this work a carbon paste electrode modified with BaTiO3 nanoparticle (BTO NPs) and room-temperature ionic liquid (IL) (n-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoro phosphate) was fabricated. The direct electro-oxidation behavior of acetaminophen (AC) was carefully studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and chronoamperometry (CHA) and the diffusion coefficient, D of acetaminophen at the BTOILCPE surface was estimated. The results exhibited remarkable increase in the electron transfer rate and significant decrease in the overpotential for acetaminophen oxidation reaction in contrast to that on the bare carbon paste electrode (CPE). Under the optimal conditions, using DPV the oxidation peak current was linear to the acetaminophen concentration over the range of 1.0 to 600.0 μM with a detection limit of 0.46 μM. The proposed sensor was successfully applied in pharmaceutical and urine samples with satisfactory results.